CREATE INDEX
PolarDB-X支持创建局部索引和全局二级索引 (Global Secondary Index, GSI) ，同时支持删除这两种索引。
局部索引
关于局部索引，详情清参见CREATE INDEX Statement 。
全局二级索引
关于全局二级索引基本原理，请参见全局二级索引。
语法
CREATE [UNIQUE]
GLOBAL INDEX index_name [index_type]
ON tbl_name (index_sharding_col_name,...)
global_secondary_index_option
[index_option]
[algorithm_option | lock_option] ...
# 全局二级索引特有语法，具体说明请参见CREATE TABLE文档
global_secondary_index_option:
[COVERING (col_name,...)]
drds_partition_options
# 分库分表子句，具体说明请参见CREATE TABLE文档
drds_partition_options:
DBPARTITION BY db_sharding_algorithm
[TBPARTITION BY {table_sharding_algorithm} [TBPARTITIONS num]]
db_sharding_algorithm:
HASH([col_name])
| {YYYYMM|YYYYWEEK|YYYYDD|YYYYMM_OPT|YYYYWEEK_OPT|YYYYDD_OPT}(col_name)
| UNI_HASH(col_name)
| RIGHT_SHIFT(col_name, n)
| RANGE_HASH(col_name, col_name, n)
table_sharding_algorithm:
HASH(col_name)
| {MM|DD|WEEK|MMDD|YYYYMM|YYYYWEEK|YYYYDD|YYYYMM_OPT|YYYYWEEK_OPT|YYYYDD_OPT}(col_name)
| UNI_HASH(col_name)
| RIGHT_SHIFT(col_name, n)
| RANGE_HASH(col_name, col_name, n)
# 以下为MySQL DDL语法
index_sharding_col_name:
col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC] # length参数仅用于在索引表拆分键上创建局部索引
index_option:
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
| index_type
| WITH PARSER parser_name
| COMMENT 'string'
index_type:
USING {BTREE | HASH}
algorithm_option:
ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}
lock_option:
LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX系列语法用于在建表后添加GSI，该系列语法在MySQL语法上新引入了GLOBAL关键字，用于指定添加的索引类型为GSI。目前建表后创建GSI存在一定限制，关于GSI的限制与约定，详情请参见如何使用全局二级索引。
关于全局二级索引定义子句详细说明，请参见CREATE TABLE。
示例
下面以建立普通全局二级索引为例，介绍在建表后创建GSI。
# 创建表
CREATE TABLE t_order (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`buyer_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`seller_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`order_snapshot` longtext DEFAULT NULL,
`order_detail` longtext DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `l_i_order` (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 dbpartition by hash(`order_id`);
# 创建全局二级索引
ALTER TABLE t_order ADD UNIQUE GLOBAL INDEX `g_i_buyer` (`buyer_id`) COVERING (`order_snapshot`) dbpartition by hash(`buyer_id`);
主表："t_order"只分库不分表，分库的拆分方式为按照"order_id"列进行哈希。
索引表："g_i_buyer"只分库不分表，分库的拆分方式为按照"buyer_id"列进行哈希，指定覆盖列为"order_snapshot"。
索引定义子句：
GLOBAL INDEX `g_i_seller` ON t_order (`seller_id`) dbpartition by hash(`seller_id`)。
通过SHOW INDEX查看索引信息，包含拆分键order_id上的局部索引，和seller_id、id和order_id上的GSI，其中seller_id为索引表的拆分键，id和order_id为默认的覆盖列（主键和主表的拆分键）。
说明 关于GSI的限制与约定，详情请参见如何使用全局二级索引，SHOW INDEX详细说明，请参见SHOW INDEX。
mysql> show index from t_order;
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+----------+---------------+
| TABLE | NON_UNIQUE | KEY_NAME | SEQ_IN_INDEX | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION | CARDINALITY | SUB_PART | PACKED | NULL | INDEX_TYPE | COMMENT | INDEX_COMMENT |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+----------+---------------+
| t_order | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| t_order | 1 | l_i_order | 1 | order_id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| t_order | 1 | g_i_seller | 1 | seller_id | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | GLOBAL | INDEX | |
| t_order | 1 | g_i_seller | 2 | id | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | GLOBAL | COVERING | |
| t_order | 1 | g_i_seller | 3 | order_id | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | GLOBAL | COVERING | |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+----------+---------------+
通过SHOW GLOBAL INDEX可以单独查看GSI信息，详情请参见SHOW GLOBAL INDEX。
mysql> show global index from t_order;
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+
| SCHEMA | TABLE | NON_UNIQUE | KEY_NAME | INDEX_NAMES | COVERING_NAMES | INDEX_TYPE | DB_PARTITION_KEY | DB_PARTITION_POLICY | DB_PARTITION_COUNT | TB_PARTITION_KEY | TB_PARTITION_POLICY | TB_PARTITION_COUNT | STATUS |
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+
| ZZY3_DRDS_LOCAL_APP | t_order | 1 | g_i_seller | seller_id | id, order_id | NULL | seller_id | HASH | 4 | | NULL | NULL | PUBLIC |
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+
查看索引表的结构，索引表包含主表的主键、分库分表键、默认的覆盖列和自定义覆盖列，主键列去除了AUTO_INCREMENT属性，并且去除了主表中的局部索引。
mysql> show create table g_i_seller;
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| g_i_seller | CREATE TABLE `g_i_seller` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`order_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`seller_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `auto_shard_key_seller_id` (`seller_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 dbpartition by hash(`seller_id`) |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+